traci's lists of ten

Traci's 8th List of Ten:
Ten Ways to Use An Old Stack of Newspapers

These assignments translate the original listing from focusing on magazines to newspapers.

Most local newspapers will use basic document design principles. Still there are design issues that can be analyzed -- the way that graphics are placed on the page in relationship to the articles, for instance. As a result, the questions and assignments that relate to document design are included in this list, but they may be irrelevant for the newspapers that your students are working with.
  1. Assume that you work for an advertising agency, and your job is to create a classification system that explains the kinds of advertisements in a particular newspaper to help account executives determine whether their client's products would fit in the newspaper. You need to explain what kinds of advertisements are normally included in the newspaper, including some detail about how the advertisements present the product or service to readers. Here's a possible way that the document would be used: an account executive is placing ads for a new children's breakfast cereal that is targeting health-conscious parents. The executive would pull your document to see whether the ad would fit in the newspaper that you've examined.

    To get started, pull all the advertisements from your newspaper that take up a quarter of a page or more. Now go through the advertisements, and create a classification system to organize them into piles. For example, you might use a classification system based on the kind of product, the persuasive appeal used in the advertisement, or the segments of the audience that the advertisement is targeting. Once you've created these large categories, look for sub-categories that fit the ads (for instance, use of color, amount of text, and so on). When you've divided all the ads, write a paper that explains your classification system.

    [TWO TIPS: (1) If you ask students to bring their own newspapers to class for this assignment, be sure that they understand that they need to bring a newspaper that they are willing to destroy. (2) This assignment can be adapted by asking students to do an analysis of the newspaper readers based on the advertisements that they find in the newspaper.]

  2. Write an analysis of the readers who write letters to the editor for your particular newspaper. Because there are only a handful of letters in any newspaper, you might want to look at the letters from two or three issues to simplify the process of drawing conclusions about the people who have written the letters. Who are these readers? Based on these letters, what are the readers of your newspaper interested in? What issues are important to them? What is the purpose of their letters? Do the letters show differing opinions or agreement? What conclusions can you draw when you think of the letters as a collected group -- what do they have in common?

    You need to turn in the pages from your newspaper that include the letters you're analyzing. If you're working with your own newspaper and you don't mind tearing out the pages, you can pull the original pages out and staple them to your paper. If you don't want to tear up your newspaper or you're working with a borrowed newspaper or a newspaper at the library, attach a photocopy of the pages. Be sure to include all the letters for each issue that you examine.

  3. Analyze the document design for your newspaper. How have the newspaper editors used page layout, colors, graphics, and fonts to highlight and present information in the newspaper? How are white space, paragraph length, and indentation used? What clues in the layout help indicate the significance of an article? How can you tell a featured article from a regular column? How are graphics placed in relationship to the articles? How does the layout on the cover draw your attention to other articles in the newspaper? Draw all your ideas together in an analytical paper that explains the design principles that are used by the paper.

    [TEACHING TIP: For shorter papers or more focused pieces, ask students to look at the newspaper cover only or the layout for a particular article or column.]

  4. Consider the absences in your newspaper -- what's left out? Begin by going through your newspaper and taking notes on the kinds of things that are covered in the articles and shown in the pictures. If you had to describe the newspaper to someone, how would you complete these sentences:

    This newspaper covers _______, _______, and _______.

    It uses lots of _______, _______, and _______ to emphasize articles.

    The pictures in the newspaper show _______, _______, and _______.

    The readers of this newspaper are _______, _______, and _______.

    Now think about the things that fit the theme and audience for the newspaper but that aren't included in this newspaper. Are there issues that fit the newspaper's focus and audience but that aren't mentioned anywhere? Are there things that are explained but not pictured (or things that are pictured but never discussed)? Are there categories of readers who are never shown in the pictures? Explore the things that are left out of the newspaper, and write an essay that discusses the things that are missing. Why do you think that they are missing?

  5. Choose three major articles in your newspaper. Compare their content, technique, and presentation. Why are the three of them in the same newspaper? Begin by looking closely at three areas in the newspaper:

    1. What common ideas or issues do they discuss? How are the three related to the audience for the newspaper? Why do the people who read this newspaper care about the issues that these articles cover? What makes the ideas significant? The editors could have included a great number of articles; why did they choose these three?

    2. How does the technique -- the organization, the genre, description, style, and so forth -- compare? What similarities and differences do you notice?

    3. Finally, take a look at the document design. If you just looked at the three articles, without reading them, would you know that they were from the same newspaper? What visual clues does the newspaper use to provide continuity from one article to the next?

    After you gather all your observations together, write a paper that analyzes the similarities and differences between the articles and draws conclusions about their relationship to one another and to the larger newspaper as a whole.

    [TEACHING TIP: You may need to give students guidance in choosing their articles. The assignment provides the widest range when students work with unrelated articles. The newspaper a student is working with may have a section of related pieces (for instance, a news story on a recent happening, an interview with someone who was involved in the event, and an editorial commentary that considers the significance of the event). Urge students to work with only one of these three articles, choosing their other articles from another section of the newspaper.]

  6. Write a letter to the editor, responding to one of the articles or issues that is covered in the newspaper. First, you'll need to go through the newspaper and choose an article that catches your attention. You need to choose an article that covers something you are interested in and can say something about.

    Next, gather your ideas for the letter by completing these sentences:
    1. I am interested in this article because _____________________.
    2. I feel _______ about this article because it _____________________.
    3. In response, I want to say _____________________ to the editor.

    With your ideas gathered, you can begin shaping your letter. The letter should begin by indicating the article that you're responding to and a brief statement of the reason that you're writing. The letter should then explain each point that you want to make to support your argument. Turn to the letters included in the issue of the newspaper you have for examples. Remember that you need to follow letter format, beginning with "To the Editor" and ending with a signature block.

    [ALTERNATE ASSIGNMENT: Students might write a letter to an author whose article appears in the newspaper.]

  7. You're an editorial assistant working for a publisher. The publisher is interested in launching a new newspaper, and your job is to examine the competition to help the publishing company focus their efforts. Write a complete analysis of one of the competing newspapers. What themes, ideas, or issues are the main arena of the newspaper? What do the articles cover? What kind of depth and detail does the competing newspaper use? Who reads the newspaper? What can you tell about the audience? Think about questions such as these: how old are they? What are their hobbies and interests? do they have children? and so forth. What style does it use? How does the newspaper use document design? What is the "look and feel" of the newspaper? What makes it stand out in the rack of newspapers at the store? What makes it different and identifiable? In your paper, outline the characteristics that make the newspaper that you're examining special, with an eye to the special features that your new newspaper will need to be aware of.

  8. NOTE: Few newspapers have a table of contents of the sort included in a magazine. I've translated the assignment for newspapers, but it may be irrelevant to the newspapers that your students are examining.

    Take a look at the Table of Contents for the newspaper you're examining. What information is included? How do the titles listed in the Table of Contents compare to those on the actual articles? What do the short descriptions under the titles say? Are author's names listed? How are color and layout used to highlight articles? How are pictures and graphics used? How many pages are used for the table? How are the articles divided into categories? How are the sections subtitled? Write an analytical paper that explores the way that the Table of Contents represents the newspaper and the persuasive techniques that the editors have used to draw your attention to the articles.

  9. Write a short sales letter for the newspaper, urging the reader to subscribe. Take a look at the articles and advertisements in the newspaper to get an idea of who reads the newspaper and what their interests are. Brainstorm a list of things that readers look for in the newspaper, the reasons that they would want to read the articles. Once you've gathered your list, shape the ideas into a letter that persuades someone to subscribe to the particular newspaper. To help shape your language, take a look at the way that things are phrased in the newspaper. Think about the style that the newspaper uses and the way that style affects the style that you use in your sales letter.

  10. Brainstorm a list of words that come to mind when you think of the newspaper that you're examining. The words might describe the focus of the newspaper, the ideals that are important to the readers, or qualities that the readers possess. Once you've created your list, choose one term and write a paper that discusses how that term is represented in the newspaper. Explore how the newspaper defines the term in its presentation of articles and advertisements. If this newspaper were your only way to know what a word such as "patriotism," "local interest," or "civic duty" means, what would the definition be? Be sure that your paper (1) gives the definition and (2) provides details from the newspaper that support your definition.

Originally Posted September 13, 1998 on the Daedalus Website.

Posted Sunday, 12-Jun-2005 09:09:13 PDT
Copyright © 1998-2011 Traci Gardner, P. O. Box 11836, Blacksburg, VA 24060-1836. These materials may be referenced, linked to, and indexed, but their contents may not be duplicated without express written consent of the author. See the Copying and Sharing page for more details.